Intermediate CFOP: The Method Behind Speedcubing
CFOP, standing for Cross, F2L (First Two Layers), OLL (Orientation of the Last Layer), and PLL (Permutation of the Last Layer), is the most popular method used by speedcubers around the world. Developed in the early 1980s, this method has become the cornerstone of fast and efficient Rubik’s Cube solving.
CFOP breaks down the solving process into four main stages, each with its own set of techniques and algorithms. This structured approach allows cubers to solve the cube systematically, minimising the number of moves and optimizing solve times. Whether you’re aiming for sub-30 seconds or pushing for world record speeds, mastering CFOP is key.
I have combined videos from both CubeHead and J-Perm in the below list to make it really easy to learn. I am not a paid endorsee of either cuber, I just put together the best of their videos to create a perfectly curated learning list for you. There are so many videos out there, I promise these are the ones that are best available.
The Cross
The first step is to solve a cross on one face of the cube, typically the white face. This step sets the foundation for the rest of the solve, aligning the edge pieces with the corresponding center pieces.
Color Neutrality
Practice solving the cross on any colour, not just white, to increase flexibility and reduce solve times in varying scramble situations.
Cross Optimisation:
Aim to solve the cross in 7 moves or less by planning your moves during inspection time to minimise unnecessary rotations.
F2L (First Two Layers)
In this stage, you’ll simultaneously solve the first two layers of the cube by inserting corner-edge pairs. F2L is the most complex and time-consuming part of CFOP, but it’s also where you can shave off significant time by learning and optimising different techniques.
Keyhole Method
Use the keyhole technique to insert pairs when solving the first two layers, which can be faster in certain cases by skipping some steps.
2L Pair Tracking
Improve lookahead by tracking the next F2L pair while solving the current one, reducing pauses between pairs.
OLL (Orientation of the Last Layer)
Once the first two layers are complete, the next step is to orient all the pieces in the last layer so that the top face is a solid color. This stage involves learning a set of algorithms that ensure all pieces on the last layer are correctly oriented.
Edge Control
Learn to manipulate edges during F2L to create easier OLL cases, reducing the number of OLL algorithms needed.
OLLCP (OLL Corner Permutation)
Explore OLLCP algorithms to not only orient the last layer but also permute the corners, potentially skipping the PLL stage.
PLL (Permutation of the Last Layer)
The final step is to permute the last layer, positioning all the pieces correctly to complete the cube. This stage requires another set of algorithms that move the pieces into their final positions without disturbing the already oriented top face.
Why CFOP?
CFOP is renowned for its balance of efficiency and accessibility. While it does involve learning a significant number of algorithms (especially for OLL and PLL), it offers a clear and logical pathway to improving your solve times. Whether you’re just getting started or refining your technique, CFOP provides a solid framework for both casual solving and competitive speed-cubing.
Explore the sections below to dive deeper into each stage of the CFOP method, with detailed guides, tips, and algorithm lists that will help you master this powerful solving technique.
This copy introduces CFOP and breaks down its key components, helping the reader understand the importance of each stage in the method.